CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

Classification Content (element, compound, mixture)

         Classification of Substance (Material)

                 The materials (substances) is anything that has mass and volume. Therefore the material has a volume, it must occupy a certain space. All the things that we can see or we touch, such as solar, wind, books, glass, water and even our own bodies, all of them are composed of material. The chemistry in the investigation of studying the properties and changes of matter.

     To study the properties of the material well, then in the chemistry of the material is classified / are classified as follows:

a.  Substance Single (Pure) is a homogeneous material structure with the same chemical properties

b.  An element is a substance with ordinary chemical reaction does not not broken down into more

     simple substances. Example: carbon, iron, zinc, copper

c.  Compound: is a substance with ordinary chemical reactions can be decomposed into a substance

     more sederhana.Contoh: water, salt, carbon dioxide

d.  The mixture is a material composed of two or more kinds of substances that are not chemically

     bound and can be separated back

e. homogenous mixture is mixed well every part is uniform in color, flavor and comparison substances

    mixed together well, and have no boundary between the components. Example: The salt solution in

    water and sugar solution in water

f.   Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that each part was not as nice color, taste, and ratio of mixing

     substances are not the same and one component with other components contained limit field, so that

     we can distinguish one with the other. Examples of the oil and water mixture and mix the coffee with water

 To get to know more sense elements, compounds and mixtures, let us discuss one by one:

A.  Elements

At this time have been known to many as 109 kinds of elements, which are divided into two parts:

1.      The element nature (1-92): - metal

                                                   - Nonmetallic

2.      artificial elements (93-109): - metal

                                                     - Nonmetallic

Natural elements consist of:

Being Element	Metal	Nonmetallic
Solid	69	10
liquid	1	1
gas	0	11
total	70	22

Differences metals and non-metals that possessed metallic luster, its form of solids, can conduct electricity and has a high melting titi. While the non-metal can conduct electricity and has a low melting point.The element is the simplest substance of the matter and a single substance. Elements that are the basis of the

 formation of compounds.

11 = Unununium (Uuu) 222 = Bibibiium (Bbb)

1.     Elements Of Metal

 Metal is the element that has the shiny properties andgenerally conduct electricity and a good conductor of heat. Metal elements aregenerally solid at normal temperature and pressure, except for mercury inliquid form. In general, malleable metallic element that can be formed intoother bendabenda.

a.          Metal Element Attribute

The properties ofsuch a metal element: Tangible solid at room temperature (25 degrees centigrade)§ It can conduct electricity§ Shiny§ Can be forged and shaped § Have a boiling point and the highest melting point.

Examples of metal elements, namely:

·         Iron

·         Copper

·         Gold

·         Platina

·         And mercury

      Attributes of Non Metallic Elements

While the properties owned by non-metal elements are

·         Some are solid, liquid or gas

·         It does not conduct electric current

·         Not glazed§ Do not be forged and shaped

·          Have a boiling point and a low melting point.

      Metal elements                                                                       

Indonesia Name	Latin Name	Name Symbol	Element Physical
aluminum	aluminium	Al	Dense,silvery white
barium	barium	Ba	Barium dense,silvery white
Besi	Ferrum	Fe	silvery white
Emas	Aurum	Au	solid gold, yellow
Kalium	Kalium	K	dense, silvery white
Kalsium	Calsium	Ca	dense, silvery white
Kromin	Chromin	Cr	dense, silvery white
Magnesium	Magnesium	Mg	, silvery white
Mangan	Manganium	Mn	solid, white and gray
Natrium	Natrium	Na	dense, silvery white
Nikel	Nickelium	Ni	, silvery white

 2.    Non Metallic Element

          The non-metallic element is an element that does not have metal-like properties. In general,non-metallic elements are gaseous and solid at normal temperature and pressure. Examples ofnon-metallic elements which are gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, and helium. Examples of non-metals  that are solid are sulfur, carbon, phosphorus, and iodine. The non-metallic solids are usually hard andbrittle. The non-metallic element that is a liquid is bromine. Consider the following example of a

non-metallic element: 

 Non-metallic elements 

Indonesia Name	Latin Name	Name Symbol	Element Physical
Belerang	Sulfur	S	dense, yellow
Bromin	Bromium	Br	liquid, reddish brown
Flourin	Flourine	F	gas, light yellow
Fosforus	Phosphorus	p	solid, white and red
Helium	Helium	He	gas, colorless
Hidrogen	Hydrogenium	H	gas, colorless
Karbon	Carbonium	C	dense, black
Klorin	Cholirine	Cl	gas, sulfur
Neon	Neon	Ne	gas, colorless
Nitrogen	Nitrogenium	N	gas, colorless
Oksigen	Oxigenium	O	gas, colorless
Silikon	Silicium	Si	solid, gray shiny
iodium	Iodium	I	black (purple vapor)

                                                                       

B.       Compound and Mixed

Compound

The compound is a single substance consisting of two or more elements that can be decomposed into a simpler form through chemical reactions. Most of the single substance that we usually find everyday is a form of the compound. Such as water (H2O), salt (NaCl), sugar (CH3COOH), and others. If the summer heat with a high sugar, sugar will be carbon and water vapor. And the water that we get willbreak down into hydrogen and oxygen through a chemical reaction of others. Thus the water and sugar is a compound because it consists of several elements.Unlike the components of a mixture which still retain the properties of the elements a compound is no longer displayed the characteristics of its origin.

Example :

Salt, otherwise known as table salt which is composed of the elements chlorine and sodium. This salt has very different properties with the properties of its constituent elements

Mix 

The mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not united chemically or substances still maintains its constituent respectively. Various kinds of bias mixture classified into two types, namely a mixture of homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. What exactly is a homogeneous mixture that ??? homogenous mixture is a mixture of two or more kinds of substances that are no longer visible boundary between substances that are mixed. The limit field can not be seen though seen with a microscope. Homogenous mixture is often also referred to as a solution. For example, air is a mixture of various gases. While the heterogeneous mixture is a mixture of two or more substances that are still visible field limit. For example, a mixture of water and oil The elements react with each other to form substances called compounds. Defined compounds are substances that are formed and composed of elements through a chemical reaction. So the compound is a single substance.

As an example below :

compound	constituent elements
1.    Water, H 2 O	H, O
1      Sugar, C12H22O11	C, H, O
2      Kitchen salt, NaCl	Na, Cl
3       Limestone, CaCO3	Ca, C, O

       If substances joined to each other rather than through a chemical reaction but rather by means of physics then the combined substances are called the mixture. Land, air, river and sea, are examples of mixtures. Component (constituent substance) may be a mixture of elements or compounds. For example, a mixture of elements with the elements, elements with a compound or mixture of compounds with compounds.

C. Compounds difference with Mixed                            

The mixture can be distinguished by the compounds include:

a. Mixed

1.    Elements formation always up according to certain rules

2.    The properties of its constituent elements missing

3.    Separation of the elements that combine to form compounds with only certain ways, which   is sometimes difficult to do

b.  Compounds

1. The elements are not mixed according to certain rules (which varies / vary)

2. The properties of mixed elements are not lost

3. Separation elements mingled easily done.