ACID
RAIN
Definition of acid rain
The
notion of acid rain is a process when the descending rain brings with it
pollutant particles such as sulfur dioxide gas. If it rains, the rain takes the
particles in the air down, then into the soil or the water. If there is no air
pollution, rainwater does not negatively affect the life of the soil and water.
Causes of acid rain
The process of acid rain usually occurs when
air pollution levels are above or above the normal threshold. Industrial power
plants, oil refineries that use coal as fuel are the main source of acid rain.
Sulfur and nitrogen in burned coal will turn into sulfur dioxide (SO2) and
nitrogen oxide (NO) gases. These gases mix with the surrounding air and move
with the wind to another place. The rain water brings SO2 and NO gases into the
soil or drains. In the air the gases of NO and SO2 can be oxidized and react
with water to form nitric and sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate. Rainwater
carrying sulfuric acid or ammonium sulfate and nitric acid down and seep into
the soil or stream, and cause the degree of acidity of water or soil to be high
(pH becomes low).
The effect of acid rain Acid rain
can
release soil nutrients such as calcium and magnesium from the soil and bring it
to rivers and ponds. Acid rain causes the river water to become too acidic so
some aquatic animals such as fish, amphibian eggs threatened his life. Acid
rain also causes toxic metal deposits such as mercury (HgO) and aluminum
(Al2O3) oxides dissolved in water so that animals can be poisoned. Acid rain
also can accelerate the occurrence of metal-metal casts such as iron, steel,
and copper. However, acid rain is not very influential in calcareous mountain
areas (bases), because lime can neutralize acid in rainwater.
How to prevent acid rain
Long-term effort to stop the damage caused by acid
rain is to stop the source, replacing the coal fuel with other fuels.
Meanwhile, the handling of a quick way if acid rain is happening is to spread
the limestone above the lake or river.
2. CORROSION
Corrosion
is a redox reaction between a metal and various substances in the environment
that produce undesirable compounds. In ordinary language, corrosion is called
kararatan. The most common example of corrosion is iron corrosion. In corrosion
events, the metal undergoes oxidation, while oxygen (air) is reduced. The metal
rust is generally a form of oxide and carbonate. The chemical rust formula is
Fe2O3. XH2O, a solid brown-red solid. Corrosion is an electrochemical process.
In iron corrosion, certain parts of the iron act as anode, in which iron
undergoes oxidation.
Fe (s) ↔ Fe2 + (aq)
+ 2e Eº = +0.44 V
The freed electrons
in the anode flow into the other part of the iron acting as a cathode, in which
the oxygen is reduced.
O2 (g) + 2H2O (l) +
4e ↔ 4OH- (aq) Eº = +0.40 V
Or O2 (g) + 4H +
(aq) + 4e ↔ 2H2O (l) Eº = +1.23 V
The iron ions (II)
formed at the anode subsequently oxidized to form iron (III) ions which then
form the hydrated oxide compound, Fe2O3. XH2O, which is iron rust. As to which
part of the iron acts as anode and which part acts as a cathode, it depends on various
factors, such as impurities, or the density of the metal.
Causes of corrosion
Corrosion occurs because of the reaction between the metal and the substances around it. In rust, rust can occur because moist air (oxygen and water) corrodes (reacts) to the iron so
that a new substance appears, reddish brown solids.
Effect of Corrosion
Metals suffering from corrosion will become porous, so their strength decreases. Buildings, machinery, bridges, consume iron as the main support of the frame. So that the
iron porosity can cause the collapse of the building and the malfunction of the machines.
How to prevent corrosion
1. Paint
2. Oil
with Oil or Grease
3.
Wrapped With Plastic
4. Tin Plating (coating with tin)
5. Galvanization (coating with zinc)
6. Cromium plating (coating with chromium)
7. Sacrifical Protection (sacrifice anode)
I would like to ask, what is the benefit of acid rain?
BalasHapusThe benefits of acid rain
HapusIn addition to having a negative impact, sometimes also have benefits that we do not know much. This is the same with the natural law, which is all there is a positive side and also there is a negative side of it. Similarly, in acid rain. The negative side of acid rain is its impact and the positive side is the benefit. The presence of acid rain on earth has little benefit. The only benefit that can be gained from this acid rain is that it is able to dissolve a variety of minerals which is needed by plants and animals alike.
What is the relationship of acid rain with sulfur cycle?
BalasHapusHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is derived from the decomposition of animals and plants that die by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The partially decomposed hydrogen sulphide remains in the soil and partly released into the air in the form of hydrogen sulfide gas.
HapusHydrogen sulphide gas in the air then bersenyawa with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. While hydrogen sulphide is left in the soil with the help bekteri will be converted into sulfuric ions and sulfur oxide compounds. The sulfate ion will be reabsorbed by the plant while sulfur dioxide will be released into the air.
In the air sulfur dioxide will react with oxygen and water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which then falls to the earth in the form of acid rain.
Acid rain can also be caused by air pollution such as factory fumes, motor vehicle burning, etc.
Acid rain can cause corrosion of rocks and metals.
Hi Nida 👋, Is there any relation between acid rain and corrosion?
BalasHapusThere, Acid rain is caused by the formation of acid in the air due to the meeting of water vapor with acid-forming gas gases. Usually occurs due to air pollution around the plant. Gases that are often the cause of acid rain include:
HapusWhy rain water does not have a negative impact on soil and water life?
BalasHapus
HapusRainwater is water that is formed naturally from natural processes. The initial process of rainwater formation begins when water vapor from a water source on the land undergoes evaporation. Water vapor rising above the sky will form clouds. Clouds that accumulate each other will carry the grains of water because carried by the wind. As a result these water grains will experience gravity that makes water can go down. When the process of water grains fell to the earth then there is some water that evaporates back into the clouds. Water that falls to the surface of the earth is called rain water.
Is Rain Water Safe?
The content of rainwater that falls to the surface of the earth has passed through the atmosphere layer. This makes us always think, whether rain water is safe for humans. Basically rain water contains different substances and gases according to the location of rainfall fall. But the content of the substances in the rain most easily found is like carbon dioxide, acids and salts. The content of all types of substances in the rain water is also influenced by the air quality around the rain site. Well to analyze this content, we will discuss the benefits of rain water for human life is very vital.
Rain water becomes a very important source of water for humans. The following is about the benefits of rain water for human life.
1. Rain Water to Improve Human Economy
2. Rain Water Supports Agricultural Success
3. Rain Water for Human Life
4. Rain Water Serves to Maintain Ground Water Resources
5. Rain Water Improves Air Quality for Humans
Could you tell me, what is the real action done by the government in handling acid rain case in indonesia?
BalasHapusA) Using Fuel With Low Sulfur content
HapusSulfur content in fuel varies. The use of origin gas will reduce the emission of acid-forming substances, but this gas leak can increase methane emissions. Another effort is to use non-sulfur fuel or alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly, for example methanol, ethanol and hydrogen.
B) Pollution Control During Combustion
Several technologies to reduce SO2 and NOx emissions at the time of combustion have been developed. One technology is lime injection in multiple burners (LIMB). In addition, it can also be done with the use of Scrubbers. This tool is able to reduce sulfur oxide emissions by 80-95% (Ophardt, C.O., 2003).
C) Control After Burning
Pollutants can also be reduced by combustion gases. The most widely used technology is fle gas desulfurization (FGD). Another way is to use ammonia as a binding agent so that the waste produced can be used as a fertilizer.
D) Applying the 3R principle (Reuse, Recycle, Reduce)
This principle should be used as the foundation when producing an item, where the product must be reusable or can be recycled so that the amount of waste or waste generated can be reduced.
E) To reduce the adverse effects arising from acid rain on soil or lake can be done by adding lime to the soil or into the lake. The addition of lime into the soil and the lake can neutralize the acidic properties.
F) Reforestation or replanting. The success of reforestation and land rehabilitation programs will increase land productivity and environmental quality especially in aspects.
Whether acid rain can cause corrosion?
BalasHapusYes, acid rain can accelerate the corrosion process. The corrosion process can occur on some materials of metal. Corrosion is the event of metal destruction caused by chemical reactions between metals and the environment that produce unwanted products. Such environments may be acids, bases, oxygen in air, oxygen in water, or other chemicals
Hapus